9/27/2023 0 Comments Tinnitus and hallucinations![]() ![]() On this basis, it has also been proposed that several historical figures were affected by epilepsy with auditory hallucinations ( 4, 5), including Fyodor Dostoevsky, whose known epilepsy might have first manifested in childhood with verbal hallucinations, as illustrated in his autobiographical work “The Peasant Marey” ( 5).Īside from reasons of historical interest, recognizing the epileptic origin of auditory phenomena/symptoms is key for both the neurologist and other clinicians. More generally, auditory hallucinations may be classified as simple (hearing a monotone sound such as humming or buzzing as in tinnitus) and complex (hearing voices or music), in which case they can be defined as auditory verbal hallucinations ( 3). The new simplified nomenclature aims to overcome the previous, possibly misleading, use of two different names for the same syndrome, namely autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADLTLE) and autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF), and to acknowledge this entity also in a non-familial context/pattern.ĮAF phenotype is characterized by seizures with auditory symptoms or aphasia, suggesting a lateral temporal lobe involvement.Īuditory symptoms have long been associated with epilepsy, with the first description of such presentation dating as early as 1,883 ( 2). Further studies are still required to further characterize the many facets of EAF.Įpilepsy with auditory features (EAF) is a focal epilepsy included in the group of focal syndromes with onset at variable age in the new ILAE Classification, besides focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEAF) and sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), with which it shares some genetic aspects ( 1). ![]() Thus, a proper understanding of this condition is in order for better patient treatment and counseling. However, it must be underscored that total remission might be lower than expected and that treatment withdrawal might lead to relapses. Patients with EAF usually have an unremarkable neurological examination and a good response to antiseizure medications. However, increasing evidence now points to a multifactorial etiology, as familial and sporadic EAF share a virtually identical electro-clinical characterization and only a few have a documented genetic etiology. In the familial cases with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance several genes have been involved, among which the first discovered, LGI1, was thought to be predominant. Etiological factors underlying EAF are largely unknown. It is characterized by seizures with auditory aura or receptive aphasia suggesting a lateral temporal lobe involvement of the epileptic discharge. ![]() 2Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Reference Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies, Bologna, ItalyĮpilepsy with auditory features (EAF) is a focal epilepsy belonging to the focal epileptic syndromes with onset at variable age according to the new ILAE Classification.1Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Alessandro Furia 1 Laura Licchetta 2 Lorenzo Muccioli 1 Lorenzo Ferri 1,2 Barbara Mostacci 2 Stefania Mazzoni 2 Veronica Menghi 1 Raffaella Minardi 2 Paolo Tinuper 1,2 Francesca Bisulli 1,2 *
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